Geopolymer Freeze-Thaw & Chloride Durability Patent Landscape
United States Gypsum Co holds a commanding lead in this 80-family corpus, with the top five filers accounting for 40% of the hundred largest filers’ combined total. The field peaked in 2023 and has since eased, though publication lag means the most recent filings are under-represented.
United States Gypsum Co leads a moderately concentrated field
United States Gypsum Co holds the top position among all ranked applicants, followed at a distance by Sika Technology AG and Lubrizol Advanced Materials Inc. The ranking reflects a clear leader with a substantial gap to the second tier.
The top five filers collectively represent 40% of the hundred largest filers’ combined total, indicating moderate concentration: a single incumbent is dominant, but challengers from specialty chemicals, mining services, and materials science occupy meaningful secondary positions.
| # | Applicant | Patent records | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States Gypsum Co | 22 | |
| 2 | Sika Technology AG | 7 | |
| 3 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials Inc | 6 | |
| 4 | Tapojärvi Oy | 5 | |
| 5 | Makenit Pty Ltd | 4 | |
| 6 | Carbon Upcycling Technologies Inc | 4 | |
| 7 | JFE Steel Corporation | 3 | |
| 8 | PSG INST OF TECH & APPLIED RES | 2 | |
| 9 | Sona College of Technology | 2 | |
| 10 | National Institute of Technology Calicut | 2 |
| # | Applicant | Patent records | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Shandong Boxiong Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. | 2 | |
| 12 | Weifang Engineering Vocational College | 2 | |
| 13 | Shenzhen University | 2 | |
| 14 | Etex France Exteriors SAS | 2 | |
| 15 | Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar | 1 | |
| 16 | Dr. R. Indrajith Krishnan | 1 | |
| 17 | Kumar Reddy Komma Hemanth | 1 | |
| 18 | Graphic Era Deemed to be University | 1 | |
| 19 | A. Riyaz Ali Khan | 1 | |
| 20 | Eternit France SAS | 1 |
United States Gypsum Co’s lead, anchored in cement and refractories subclasses and extending into roads and pavements, signals a defensive portfolio posture. Challengers such as Sika Technology AG, which spans both cementitious and additive-manufacturing branches, are positioned to contest adjacencies that the leader has not yet fortified.
Filings from approximately 2024 onward are subject to publication lag and are likely under-counted; the apparent recent dip should not be read as a definitive trend reversal. Longer-window growth, applicant concentration, and technology-route coverage are therefore more reliable signals than the latest-year bar alone.
Activity peaked in 2023; cementitious chemistry dominates the technology mix
Annual filing volume rose from 2017 through 2020, contracted, then surged again to a peak in 2023 before easing. C04B (ceramics, cement and refractories) accounts for the overwhelming majority of classified records, with roads/pavements and solid waste disposal as the next largest branches.
Annual filing trend
Filings climbed steadily to a 2023 peak, then fell back in 2024; the 2025 and 2026 bars reflect incomplete publication and should be treated as lower bounds. The overall multi-year window shows a field that has mobilised meaningfully since 2019 but whose annual rate has now eased from its peak.
↗ Hover for values · click a bar to ask EurekaTechnology composition
C04B (ceramics, cement and refractories) dominates the IPC mix. E01C (roads and pavements), B09B (solid waste disposal), and B33Y (additive manufacturing) each hold single-digit shares, pointing to a handful of application verticals that remain secondary but technically active.
↗ Hover for values · click a bar to ask EurekaHighly cited patent families surfaced by the query
Citation-heavy patent families returned by the query. Use this section as citation context, not as a curated list of the most topic-specific patents.
Geopolymer concrete pavement construction material…
A composition for preparing geopolymer concrete, the composition comprises of an alkaline solution of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide with water in a defined ratio, a definite amount of solution prepared from fine and coarse aggregate with water, a defined amount of fly ash mixed with a defined amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag, a first… (excerpt from the patent abstract)
Open this patent in Eureka →| # | Patent | Citations |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Freeze-thaw durable geopolymer compositions and me… | 40 |
| 2 | Self-consolidating geopolymer compositions and met… | 32 |
| 3 | Geopolymer compositions and methods for making same | 29 |
| 4 | Early strength geopolymer binder material and meth… | 20 |
| 5 | 全废弃物制备的地聚合物基人工备防石及其制备方法 | 16 |
| 6 | Geopolymer compositions and methods for making same | 15 |
| 7 | Waste stabilization, solidifying and storage method | 14 |
| 8 | Freeze-thaw durable geopolymer compositions and me… | 11 |
Ranked by total forward citations. Citation counts favour older and broadly cited patent families, and broad or adjacent patents may appear when they match the search scope. Treat this section as citation context, not as a curated list of the most topic-specific patents. Some patent titles may be shown in their original, non-English language where an accurate translation could not be guaranteed.
What the patent structure means for R&D investment decisions
The corpus is small enough that a single actor’s choices materially shape the landscape. Four structural observations — maturity, concentration, collaboration, and geography — define the investment context.
Field is past its 2023 peak; entering a consolidation phase
The lifecycle evidence places this field in a decline stage, with annual filings easing back from the 2023 peak. The multi-year corpus is still substantive at 80 patent families, but diminishing annual volume suggests the core formulation space is maturing. New entrants seeking differentiation should target application-specific or adjacent branches rather than reproducing core C04B positions.
Past-peakOne strong incumbent; a mid-tier of specialists with room to manoeuvre
United States Gypsum Co’s record count is more than three times that of the second-ranked applicant, Sika Technology AG. However, the remaining top-five applicants — Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Tapojärvi Oy, and Makenit Pty Ltd — each occupy distinct technical niches (coatings, waste disposal, and formulation chemistry respectively), limiting direct head-to-head conflict. Challengers with differentiated application routes face a relatively open competitive space below the leader.
Moderate concentrationCo-filing is rare; one documented partnership between an academic institution and an industry partner
The only recorded co-applicant relationship in the corpus is between Weifang Engineering Vocational College and Shandong Boxiong Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., with two joint filings. The near-absence of multi-party collaboration across a field where academic institutions are prominent filers suggests that technology transfer pathways are underdeveloped. This creates an opportunity for industrial players to establish research partnerships with active academic groups in India and China.
Low collaborationIndia leads filing activity; PCT and EPO coverage indicates international ambitions
India is the leading jurisdiction by patent record count, followed by the United States, Europe (EPO), and WIPO (PCT). China ranks fifth. The presence of ten PCT filings and twelve EPO records alongside the India-heavy base indicates that at least some applicants are pursuing multi-jurisdictional protection, most plausibly the larger commercial entities. Markets such as Japan, South Korea, and Australia have minimal coverage, representing potential white-space jurisdictions for applicants with commercial interests in those geographies.
India-ledGo beyond the landscape: Eureka’s TRIZ Solution agent breaks down an R&D problem and returns patented concept solutions, each with a technical approach and cited patent & literature evidence.
| Applicant | Collaborator | Co-filings |
|---|---|---|
| Weifang Engineering Vocational College | Shandong Boxiong Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. | 2 |
Co-filing pairs, ranked by the number of jointly-filed patent families.
United States Gypsum Co leads; Sika Technology AG is the most active new entrant
The leader’s portfolio is anchored in core cementitious chemistry and extends into pavement applications, while the primary challenger has diversified into additive manufacturing — a structurally distinct route that reduces direct overlap.
United States Gypsum Co
United States Gypsum Co holds 22 patent records — the largest position among all ranked applicants — concentrated in C04B 28 (hydraulic binders), C04B 24 (organic additives), and E01C 7 (road surfaces). This broad C04B presence combined with pavement-specific claims indicates a strategy covering both material formulation and end-use application. No momentum trend is reported, consistent with an established rather than newly expanding position.
22 patent recordsSika Technology AG
Sika Technology AG holds 7 patent records and is classified as a new entrant by momentum data, meaning its recent filings represent a fresh commitment rather than a long-standing position. Its technology focus spans C04B 28 (cementitious binders), B33Y 70 (additive manufacturing feedstocks), and C04B 111 (performance-defined uses), signalling an intent to link geopolymer durability chemistry to 3D-printable construction materials — a route not occupied by the leader.
7 patent records| Applicant | Recent (3 yrs) | Trend |
|---|---|---|
| Sika Technology AG | 6 | ▲ new entrant |
| Lubrizol Advanced Materials Inc | 1 | ▲ new entrant |
| Carbon Upcycling Technologies Inc | 4 | ▲ new entrant |
| JFE Steel Corporation | 3 | ▲ new entrant |
| Shenzhen University | 2 | ▲ new entrant |
Additive manufacturing and coatings are under-served branches worth watching
Most adjacent IPC branches carry single- or low-single-digit record counts relative to the dominant C04B class. Two branches stand out as sparse yet technically plausible entry points for geopolymer durability chemistry.
B33Y · Additive manufacturing (3D printing)
With 7 patent records and a 5% share of the classified corpus, B33Y is the joint second-largest adjacent branch and is already being explored by Sika Technology AG. The technical case is clear: freeze-thaw and chloride resistance are critical performance requirements for 3D-printed concrete structures exposed to outdoor or marine environments. The entry path runs through formulating geopolymer inks or pastes that retain durability performance at the layer-bond interfaces — a gap that existing C04B-focused work does not explicitly address.
Search this in Eureka →C09D · Coatings, paints & inks
C09D holds 5 patent records and a 4% share, with Lubrizol Advanced Materials Inc as the primary filer in this branch (C09D 133 subclass). Geopolymer-based protective coatings that resist chloride ingress and freeze-thaw cycling on concrete substrates represent a commercially distinct application from bulk binder formulations. The branch is sparse enough that a focused filing strategy covering application method, substrate compatibility, and performance thresholds could establish a defensible position with limited prior-art conflict.
Search this in Eureka →How leaders differ by technology route
Route coverage across the main technology branches in the current evidence set.
| Player | C04B 28 · Ceramics, cement & refractories | C04B 111 · Ceramics, cement & refractories | C04B 14 · Ceramics, cement & refractories | C04B 24 · Ceramics, cement & refractories | C04B 12 · Ceramics, cement & refractories |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States Gypsum Co | Strong · 22 | Emerging · 4 | Emerging · 3 | Moderate · 9 | Emerging · 4 |
| Sika Technology AG | Strong · 7 | Strong · 6 | Absent | Absent | Absent |
| Tapojärvi Oy | Strong · 5 | Absent | Absent | Absent | Strong · 5 |
| Makenit Pty Ltd | Strong · 4 | Absent | Absent | Strong · 4 | Absent |
| Carbon Upcycling Technologies Inc | Strong · 4 | Absent | Strong · 4 | Absent | Absent |
| Lubrizol Advanced Materials Inc | Strong · 5 | Absent | Absent | Moderate · 2 | Absent |
| JFE Steel Corporation | Strong · 3 | Absent | Absent | Strong · 2 | Strong · 2 |
Frequently asked questions
The corpus covers 80 patent families in scope. This is a relatively small, specialist field, which means individual applicants can materially shift the landscape with a targeted filing programme.
United States Gypsum Co is the top-ranked applicant with 22 patent records — more than three times the second-ranked applicant, Sika Technology AG, which holds 7. This gap defines the field’s concentration structure.
India leads with 20 patent records, followed by the United States with 14, Europe (EPO) with 12, WIPO (PCT) with 10, and China with 8. Markets such as Japan, South Korea, and Australia have minimal coverage at present.
Annual filings peaked in 2023 and have since eased. The lifecycle evidence classifies the field as past its peak. The most recent filing years (2024–2026) are subject to publication lag and should be treated as under-counts rather than confirmed declines.
B33Y (additive manufacturing) and C09D (coatings, paints and inks) each hold small shares of the classified corpus and represent plausible entry points for applicants seeking to link geopolymer durability chemistry to 3D-printed construction or protective coating applications. C03C (glass and enamel compositions) and B09B (solid waste disposal) are also sparse.
Collaboration is rare in this corpus. The only documented co-applicant relationship is between Weifang Engineering Vocational College and Shandong Boxiong Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., which filed 2 joint records. The broader absence of co-filing — despite significant academic participation — suggests that formal research partnerships remain an underdeveloped route in this field.
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Disclaimer. This page is generated from Patsnap Eureka data drawn from a limited snapshot of global patent and scientific-literature records, and is provided for general information and reference only.
Patent data carries inherent limitations: recent filings (typically the most recent 18–24 months) are under-counted due to standard publication lag; counts may be reported at either a patent-family or a patent-record basis and are not always directly comparable; classification, applicant-name, and citation data may contain errors, duplicates, or omissions; and the underlying search query defines and constrains the scope shown. As a result, the analysis may be incomplete or inaccurate and may not reflect the full technology landscape.
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